Communicating with objects like the Voyager probes or the Mars rovers is less like a modern “instant” Zoom call and more like a high-stakes, slow-motion game of postal mail. Because light takes time to travel—about 22 hours for Voyager 1 and between 4 and 24 minutes for Mars—NASA cannot “handshake” with the spacecraft in real-time.1
Here is how they package that information and ensure it arrives intact.